应用角谱方法研究聚焦声束在层状生物组织中的非线性声传播

应用角谱方法理论研究了聚焦声束在层状生物组织中的非线性传播特性，将声波分解为角谱，可计算垂直于声轴的任意平面的非线性声场。在圆形平面活塞聚焦换能器的焦区中插入多种生物组织样品，数值计算了样品内部及外部的二次谐波声场，并通过实验测量验证了理论方法的有效性。基于快速傅氏变换的角谱方法可直观地描述非线性声传播，对非线性声成像有指导作用。     

Validated thin‐layer chromatographic method for the identification and monitoring of the effect of the extraction method on the yield and phytochemical constituents of Egyptian Withania somnifera leaves

A sensitive, reliable, simple and rapid thin‐layer chromatographic method has been developed for routine analysis of withanolide S content for the purpose of quality control assessment of chemotype III of Withania somnifera. The new method was used first to compare the accumulation of withanolide S in different parts of the plant, which was found to be the highest in the leaves extract (0.21% w/w). Second, to investigate different extraction parameters that improve the extraction efficiency of withanolides from the leaves using conventional and ultrasound‐assisted extraction methods. The extraction efficiency was expressed via total withanolide content and withanolide S content.     

Efficient Synthesis of Five Types of Heterocyclic Compounds via Intramolecular Elimination Using Ultrasound‐Static Heating Technique

An experimental technique, ultrasound‐static heating, has been developed for the efficient synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. The technique involves ultrasonic irradiation and static heating processes. First, the ultrasonic irradiation process is performed to form an intermediate of the heterocyclic compound under mild conditions and the subsequent static heating process (heating the intermediate under solvent‐free conditions without stirring) produces the target heterocyclic compounds via intramolecular elimination.     

Surfactant‐free synthesis of amphiphilic copolymer of poly(styrene‐co‐acrylamide) in aqueous emulsion with the assistance of ultrasound

The hydrophilic monomer acrylamide (AM) and hydrophobic monomer styrene (St) have been directly copolymerized in a surfactant‐free aqueous emulsion with the assistance of powerful ultrasound. Fourier Transform Infrared spectrocopy (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements revealed that copolymers of AM and St were obtained. Elemental analysis was used to calculate the composition of the copolymer. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) measurement showed that the molecular weight (M_w) of the copolymer is 1.86 × 10⁵ g/mol and the polydispersity index (PDI( = 2.31. The self‐assembly behavior in different solvents was investigated utilizing laser light scattering (LLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); the copolymer film showed amphiphilicity, as measured by contact angle goniometry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超声波激活纳米氧化锌损伤牛血清白蛋白的研究

利用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱和荧光光谱研究了超声波照射激活纳米氧化锌(ZnO)粒子对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的损伤,并考查了超声波照射时间、纳米ZnO粉末加入量、溶液酸度和照射功率等因素对BSA分子损伤的影响。结果表明,对于体系温度为37.0±0.2 ℃和浓度为1.0×10^-5 mol·L^-1的BSA溶液,BSA的损伤程度随着超声波照射时间,纳米ZnO粉末加入量,溶液pH值和照射功率的增加而增大。此外,还初步探讨了超声波照射激活纳米ZnO粒子损伤BSA分子的机理,认为是声致发光和高热激发使纳米ZnO粒子产生·OH自由基,进而损伤BSA分子。     

A Meldrum's Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes in Water under Ultrasonic Condition

A highly effective Meldrum's acid catalyzed synthesis of bis(indol‐3‐yl)methanes has been developed. This reaction provides the corresponding bis(indol‐3‐yl)methanes in high yields after short reaction time in the presence of 2 mol % catalyst in water under ultrasonic condition.     

Ultrasound-assisted one-pot multi-component synthesis of 2-pyrrolidinon-3-olates catalyzed by Co3O4@SiO2 core–shell nanocomposite

2-pyrrolidinon-3-olates were synthesized via one-pot four-component reaction of 2-aminobenzothiazole, aromatic aldehydes, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and morpholine/piperidine in the presence of Co₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell nanocomposite as catalyst under ultrasound irradiation. The protocol offers several such advantages as high yields, short reaction time and mild reaction conditions with reusability of the catalyst. The core–shell nanocomposite was also prepared using ultrasound irradiation and the structure and magnetic properties were fully characterized by TEM, FE-SEM, XRD, EDX, FT-IR and VSM analysis.     

微泡对高强度聚焦超声声压场影响的仿真研究*

微泡对高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗焦域具有增效作用,而HIFU治疗中不同声学条件下微泡对HIFU形成声压场的影响尚不清楚。本文基于气液混合声波传播方程、Keller气泡运动方程、时域有限差分(FDTD)法和龙格-库塔(RK)法数值仿真研究输入声压、激励频率、气泡初始空隙率和气泡初始半径对HIFU形成声压场的影响。研究结果表明,随着输入声压的增大,焦点处声压升高但焦点处最大声压与输入声压的比值减小,焦点位置几乎不变;随着激励频率和气泡初始半径的增大,焦点处声压升高且焦点位置向远离换能器方向移动;随着气泡初始空隙率的增大,焦点处声压降低且焦点位置向换能器方向移动。     

基于虚拟源时间反转的经颅超声精确聚焦*

针对经颅超声难以精确聚焦的问题,本文研究了基于虚拟源的时间反转方法,建立颅骨二维数字模型,在聚焦目标处设置虚拟声源,利用时域有限差分法模拟超声时间反转过程,并考察基于虚拟源时间反转方法的聚焦效果。数值仿真结果表明,基于虚拟源的时间反转方法可以实现经颅超声的精确聚焦,聚焦强度和精度好于传统的相控聚焦;换能器中心频率和数量对聚焦效果的影响规律与相控聚焦时类似;该方法可以同时向多个焦点聚焦,并自适应调节各焦点处声压幅度。